How does water travel in underground layers of soil and rock layers move?

I don't understand how water travels through rock and soil underground.How does water travel in underground layers of soil and rock layers move?
Soil, and even rock, have a degree of porosity. This means that they have void spaces within them - think of a sponge as an exaggerated example. If some of these interstitial spaces are connected, then water can travel through them. This is called permeability.





Because of water's hydrogen bonds, it tends to move particularly well through narrow interstices through capillary action. Think of a sponge again as an example. When the rock is saturated, all of the available pathways through the rock are filled. Hydrologists often think of this in terms of what is known as Darcy's Law, which stated mathematically, looks like this:





q = K * dh/dl





Translated into plain English, this law states that the amount of water to move through a material, such as a rock, is proportional to the pressure (technically, hydraulic head, which is slightly different) divided by the distance.





We can use this to calculate the rates at which water moves through an aquifer, which is a saturated body of rock that contains a significant about of water. It turns out that water moves slowly, but fast enough to provide a very good source of water. This water can be tapped directly by wells.